The World Health Organization and Immunology Research and Training, 1961-1974.

on viral and bacterial diseases. The notable absence from this historiography is the immunology of the protozoan and metazoan parasitic infections that, whilst major sources of suffering and mortality, have often been marginalized into the concerns of tropical medicine and public health. Issues of parasitism, howeve mark one of the closest loci for the interaction of medical and veterinary concerns. Many parasites of man such as Taenia saginata and Trichinella spiralis are believed to be contracted from common farm animals and their meat products. The history of science within the veterinary tradition is little known. Further, the relations between medical and veterinary knowledge in the late twentieth century remain to be elucidated: frotozoah diseases are also commonly found in other animal populations. For example, bird malaria has been used as a research model since the 1890s.' One of the first demonstrations of arthropod transmission of pathogenic protozoa was that of Babesia bigemina by the cattle tick, Boophilus annulatus.3 An historical approach to the study of this subject can be used to elucidate interactions between issues of human and animal health. Further, the history of parasite immunology provides a useful insight into the relations between twentieth-century medical science and many of the most pernicious diseases of the third world.